As-Is Vehicle Sale Guide
Selling a vehicle as-is limits your liability as a private seller — but the rules vary by state. Learn what disclosures are required, what language to use on your bill of sale, and how to protect yourself in all 50 states.
As-Is Protection Levels by State
Caveat emptor applies broadly. Sellers are not liable for unknown defects. Active concealment or fraud still prohibited.
Examples: Texas, Ohio, Georgia, Arizona, Colorado, Virginia, Washington
Caveat emptor applies but consumer protection statutes may reach non-disclosure of known material defects. Document everything.
Examples: California, New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts
Broad consumer protection laws may impose disclosure duties even in private sales. Seek local legal advice for high-value vehicles.
Examples: New Jersey, Connecticut (some interpretations)
Disclosures Required in Every State
These disclosures cannot be waived by an as-is clause — they are required by federal law or universal state standards.
- ✕Federal odometer disclosure (vehicles under 10 years / under 16,000 lbs) — cannot be waived
- ✕Salvage, rebuilt, or flood title status — cannot be waived
- ✕Known safety defects that create an immediate hazard — cannot be waived
- ✕Odometer rollback if known — cannot be waived
- ✕Manufacturer buyback / lemon law history if known — cannot be waived
Recommended As-Is Bill of Sale Language
Include this clause verbatim on your bill of sale for maximum protection.
SOLD AS-IS, WHERE-IS, WITH ALL FAULTS. SELLER MAKES NO
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES INSPECTING THE VEHICLE AND
ACCEPTS IT IN ITS CURRENT CONDITION.
Have the buyer sign and date this clause separately when possible.
As-Is Seller Protection Checklist
As-Is Laws by State
Select your state for specific as-is statutes, required language, and protection level.