Car Inspection Laws by State
Which states require inspections, what gets checked, how much it costs, and what inspection status means when you buy or sell a vehicle.
What Gets Checked
- •Pad thickness
- •Rotor condition
- •Emergency brake function
- •Headlights (high/low)
- •Brake lights
- •Turn signals
- •Hazard lights
- •Steering play
- •Tie rod ends
- •Ball joints
- •Shock absorbers
- •Tread depth
- •Sidewall condition
- •Inflation
- •Lug nut torque
- •Check engine light status
- •Monitor readiness
- •Catalytic converter function
- •Seat belts
- •Horn
- •Wipers
- •Mirrors
- •Window tint
Inspection Requirements by State
Inspection Guide by State
Frequently Asked Questions
Do all states require vehicle inspections?
No. About 17 states have no routine vehicle inspection requirement. States like Florida, Montana, and South Dakota do not require periodic safety or emissions inspections for private passenger vehicles.
Can you sell a car that failed inspection?
Generally yes — but you must disclose the failure to the buyer. Many sellers accept a lower price to cover repairs. Document the condition in a signed bill of sale to protect both parties.
What is an OBD-II emissions test?
An OBD-II test plugs into your vehicle's diagnostic port to read emissions monitor data. It checks whether the engine management system has detected any emission-related failures. Most states use OBD-II testing for 1996 and newer vehicles.
How long is a vehicle inspection valid?
Inspection validity varies by state. Most annual inspection states use a 12-month cycle. Biennial states (like California and Illinois for emissions) use a 24-month cycle. The inspection sticker or certificate shows the expiration date.
Do I need an inspection to sell a car privately?
Requirements vary by state. Some states (like Texas) require a current inspection for title transfer. Others (like Florida) have no inspection requirement at all. Check your specific state's rules before listing.
What repairs are most commonly needed to pass inspection?
The most common inspection failures involve: check engine light (monitor not ready or active fault), worn brake pads or rotors, burned-out lights or signals, tire tread below minimum depth, and failed emissions monitors.