What is the difference between a seller disclosure statement and an AS-IS clause?

An AS-IS clause disclaims implied warranties — it says the buyer accepts the vehicle in its current condition. A seller disclosure statement lists specific known defects. The two work together: disclose what you know, then sell AS-IS. Disclosure without AS-IS leaves you liable for unknown defects; AS-IS without disclosure does not protect against intentional concealment.

Do I have to disclose if the vehicle has a salvage or rebuilt title?

Yes — always. Title brand (salvage, rebuilt, flood, junk) must be disclosed and typically appears on the title itself. If you knowingly sell a vehicle with a branded title without disclosing it, you face criminal fraud exposure in most states.

Do I need to disclose recalls the vehicle has not had fixed?

Federal law does not require private sellers to disclose open recalls — but strong best practice recommends it. The NHTSA database is publicly accessible, and a buyer who discovers an unfixed recall after purchase may claim they would not have paid the same price with that knowledge.

What if the buyer signs the disclosure and then claims I hid something?

A signed disclosure statement is strong evidence that the buyer received and reviewed the information. As long as your disclosure was complete and honest, the buyer's signature makes post-sale claims extremely difficult to sustain. Keep your copy.

New York Bus Seller Disclosure Statement

When selling a Bus in New York, what you disclose in writing protects you from post-sale claims as much as the AS-IS clause. This guide covers exactly what to disclose, New York-specific legal requirements, and a complete Bus disclosure checklist.

New York: Certain disclosures are required by law

New York courts have found that selling a vehicle with known frame damage without disclosure — even in a private sale — constitutes actionable deception under GBL 349.

New York Required Disclosures

★

Odometer reading (federal requirement)

★

Any known material defects that affect safety or value

★

Accident history affecting frame or structural integrity if known

★

Title brand history (salvage, rebuilt)

★

Any emission inspection failures if known

★ = Required or strongly recommended for New York

Bus Disclosure Checklist

Standard Fields (all Buss)

Year, Make, Model, Trim, VIN

Odometer reading at time of sale

Number of previous owners (if known)

Accident/collision history (yes/no)

Frame or structural damage (yes/no)

Airbag deployment history (yes/no)

Flood, fire, or hail damage (yes/no)

Rebuilt or salvage title (yes/no)

Bus-Specific Fields

Transmission type and condition

Engine known issues (oil leaks, overheating, warning lights)

Smog/emissions test status (in applicable states)

Tire tread depth and age (approximate)

Service record completeness

Active manufacturer recalls pending

High-Risk Hidden Defects to Check

Hidden flood damage (check carpet, ECU, undercarriage)

Rolled odometer (check for fresh mileage inconsistencies)

Frame damage or unibody repair (check panel gaps)

Airbag module replacement after deployment

New York Fraud Liability

New York GBL Section 349 (Consumer Protection from Deceptive Acts) allows buyers to sue private sellers for knowingly concealing material defects. Buyers can recover actual damages plus $50 minimum per violation.

Disclosure vs. AS-IS: How They Work Together

Scenario	Best Protection
Known defect — buyer discovers after sale	Written disclosure that buyer signed
Unknown defect — buyer discovers after sale	AS-IS clause in bill of sale
Buyer claims you misrepresented condition	Signed disclosure + AS-IS + signed bill of sale
Lemon law claim	Neither applies to private sales in most states
Odometer fraud	Only option: disclose accurately (federal crime to falsify)
Salvage title not disclosed	Cannot be cured by AS-IS — always disclose title brand

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a seller disclosure form required in New York?

Yes — New York requires certain disclosures in Bus sales.

What is the difference between disclosure and AS-IS?

A disclosure statement lists what you KNOW about the vehicle. An AS-IS clause disclaims liability for what you DON'T know. Both together provide the strongest seller protection — use both.

Do I have to disclose open recalls?

Federal law does not require private sellers to disclose open recalls, but best practice strongly recommends it. Check recalls at NHTSA.gov and include a line in your disclosure noting whether any are open.

What happens if I don't disclose a known defect in New York?

Create a New York Bus Bill of Sale

Include your disclosure statement with a professional bill of sale for complete seller protection.

Create New York Bus Bill of Sale