BillOfSaleNow

How to Search a Car Title Before Buying

A car title search reveals active liens, title brands (salvage, flood, rebuilt), theft records, and ownership history before you commit to a purchase. Start with free tools — NMVTIS and NICB — then order an official state record for any vehicle over $5,000.

NMVTIS
Free Option
vehiclehistory.gov — title brands
NICB Free
Stolen Check
nicb.org — VINCheck
$2–$10
DMV Record Fee
Varies by state
Carfax/AutoCheck
Full History
Paid; most comprehensive

Free VIN Check Tools

NMVTIS — vehiclehistory.gov
Free
Shows: Title brands (salvage, flood, junk, rebuilt)
Limitation: No accident or odometer history
NICB VINCheck
Free (5/day)
Shows: Stolen vehicle reports
Limitation: Theft records only
NHTSA VIN Decoder
Free
Shows: Recalls, manufacturer data, safety ratings
Limitation: No ownership or title data
State DMV VIN Lookup
Free or $2–$10
Shows: Registration status, title brand, lien holder
Limitation: Varies significantly by state

Paid History Reports

Carfax
$39.99/report
Best for: Accident history, service records, number of owners
Most recognized; dealers use it
AutoCheck
$24.99/report
Best for: Auction vehicles, score-based history summary
Good alternative to Carfax; slightly cheaper
VehicleHistory.com
Varies
Best for: Title brands + some accident data in one interface
Useful if NMVTIS data is a priority

Title Flags to Watch For

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Active Lien

A lien means the vehicle is financed and the lender holds an interest in the title. The lien must be released by the lender before the title transfers cleanly. Never pay full price for a vehicle with an open lien unless you have a formal payoff/release plan in writing.

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Salvage Brand

Vehicle was declared a total loss by an insurance company. Salvage vehicles can be repaired and rebuilt, but the "salvage" brand follows the title permanently. Financing and insurance are harder to obtain.

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Flood Brand

Vehicle was water-damaged and declared a total loss. Flood damage causes long-term electrical and mechanical issues that may not appear immediately. One of the riskiest title brands.

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Rebuilt/Reconstructed Brand

Vehicle was previously salvaged and has been repaired and re-inspected. Less risky than a current salvage brand but discloses a significant damage history that affects resale value and insurance options.

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Odometer Rollback Indicator

Paid reports sometimes flag inconsistencies between reported mileage at different points in the vehicle's history. A mileage rollback is federal odometer fraud.

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Junk/Scrap Brand

Vehicle was sold to a salvage yard and stripped or crushed. A junk-branded vehicle should never be titled for road use. Seeing this brand means the vehicle may have been fraudulently rebuilt without proper inspection.

Title Search Tools by State

StateFree State ToolDMV Fee
CaliforniaDMV Online VR-1$2
TexasTxDMV Title Check$6.50
FloridaFLHSMV Status Check$2
New YorkNY DMV VIN Search$7
IllinoisSOS VIN Lookup$5
OhioBMV Title Check$5

Car Title Search — All 50 States

Trusted by private vehicle sellers nationwide

45% faster sale

Vehicles whose listings include a history report spend ~45% less time on site before selling, and report-viewers are 5x more likely to become a lead.

Source: Experian / AutoCheck

$4,000 avg loss

NHTSA estimates 450,000+ vehicles per year are sold with rolled-back odometers — the average victim loses about $4,000 in downstream repair costs.

Source: NHTSA

17.5M private sales/yr

About 17.5 million private-party vehicle transactions happen in the U.S. each year — roughly 47% of the used market.

Source: Cox Automotive 2024

1 in 3 buyers

Roughly 1 in 3 used-car buyers say they suspect private sellers are hiding mechanical problems — documentation closes that trust gap.

Source: JW Surety Bonds (n=3,000)

$60–$85 mobile notary

Mobile notary visit minimums run $60–$85 — higher on weekends, plus per-mile travel fees. State-formatted documents skip the trip.

Source: Thumbtack / NNA